منابع مشابه
Bubble splitting in bifurcating tubes: a model study of cardiovascular gas emboli transport.
The transport of long gas bubbles, suspended in liquid, through symmetric bifurcations, is investigated experimentally and theoretically as a model of cardiovascular gas bubble transport in air embolism and gas embolotherapy. The relevant dimensionless parameters in the models match the corresponding values for arteries and arterioles. The effects of roll angle (the angle the plane of the bifur...
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Many systems of equations fit naturally in the form du/dt = A(u) + B(u). We may separate convection from diffusion, x-derivatives from y-derivatives, and (especially) linear from nonlinear. We alternate between integrating operators for dv/dt = A(v) and dw/dt = B(w). Noncommutativity (in the simplest case, of eAh and eBh) introduces a splitting error which persists even in the steady state. Sec...
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Atmospheric-pressure fast ionization waves (FIWs) generated by nanosecond, high voltage pulses are able to propagate long distances through small diameter dielectric tubes or channels, and so deliver UV fluxes, electric fields, charged and excited species to remote locations. In this paper, the dynamics of FIW splitting and merging in a branched dielectric channel are numerically investigated u...
متن کاملPhotomultiplier Tubes
Light which enters a photomultiplier tube is detected and produces an output signal through the following processes. (1) Light passes through the input window. (2) Light excites the electrons in the photocathode so that photoelectrons are emitted into the vacuum (external photoelectric effect). (3) Photoelectrons are accelerated and focused by the focusing electrode onto the first dynode where ...
متن کاملPhotomultiplier Tubes
including basic and performance. For example, section 4.1 shows spectral response characteristics of typical photocathodes and also gives the definition of photocathode sensitivity and its measurement procedure. Section 4.2 explains dynode types, structures and typical characteristics. Section 4.3 describes various performance characteristics such as time response, operating stability, sensitiv...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Anaesthesia
سال: 1992
ISSN: 0003-2409,1365-2044
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02204.x